Sand casting is a traditional method for producing metal castings, where molten metal is poured into a mold made from special sand. This process is popular due to its simplicity and low cost, and it is used to create various metal parts, such as castings made of brass, bronze, aluminum, or cast iron.

The sand casting process involves the following steps:

1. Model Preparation: First, a model is made from materials such as wood, gypsum, plastic, or metal, which serves as an exact replica of the desired casting at a 1:1 scale.

2. Mold Creation: The model is placed in a frame (flask) filled with casting sand, typically a mixture of quartz sand and binding materials. The sand is compacted around the model to create an impression, and then the model is carefully removed, leaving a cavity in the shape of the future casting.

3. Pouring: Molten metal is poured into the cavity formed in the sand. The metal cools and solidifies, taking the shape of the mold.

4. Mold Removal: After the metal has cooled and hardened, the sand is removed, and the casting is extracted from the mold.

5. Finishing: The casting may undergo further processing, such as grinding, polishing, or machining, to achieve the desired final appearance and dimensions.

Sand casting is used in various industries, including automotive, machinery, and art, for producing complex and large parts or sculptures.